UM2606
Incwadi yokusebenzisa
Ukuqalisa nge-IOTA Distributed Ledger
Ukwandiswa kwesoftware yeTekhnoloji ye-STM32Cube
Intshayelelo
I X-CUBE-IOTA1 ulwandiso software package ye STM32Cube isebenza kwi-STM32 kwaye ibandakanya i-middleware ukwenza imisebenzi ye-IOTA Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT).
I-IOTA DLT yi-transaction settlement kunye ne-data transfer layer ye-Intanethi yezinto (IoT). I-IOTA ivumela abantu kunye noomatshini ukuba badlulise imali kunye / okanye idatha ngaphandle kweentlawulo zentengiselwano kwindawo engathembekiyo, engenamvume kunye ne-decentralized. Le teknoloji ide yenza ukuba iintlawulo ezincinci zikwazi ukwenzeka ngaphandle kwesidingo somthetheli othembekileyo walo naluphi na uhlobo. Ulwandiso lwakhiwe kwi-STM32Cube itekhnoloji yesoftware ukwenza lula ukuphatheka kuzo zonke ii-STM32microcontrollers ezahlukeneyo. Uguqulelo lwangoku lwesoftware lusebenza kwi B-L4S5I-IOT01A Ikhithi yokufumana indawo ye-IoT kwaye iqhagamsheleka kwi-Intanethi ngokusebenzisa i-interface ye-Wi-Fi eqhotyoshelweyo.
IZIXHOBO EZINXULUMENEYO
Ndwendwela i-STM32Cube ecosystem web iphepha kwi-www.st.com ngolwazi oluthe vetshe
https://www.iota.org/get-started/what-is-iota
https://docs.iota.org/docs/getting-started/1.1/introduction/overview
https://iota-beginners-guide.com
https://chrysalis.docs.iota.org
https://iota-beginners-guide.com/future-of-iota/iota-1-5-chrysalis
https://www.boazbarak.org/cs127/Projects/iota.pdf
Izifinyezo kunye nezifinyezo
Uluhlu 1. Uluhlu lwee-akhronimi
| Isifinyezo | Inkcazo |
| DLT | Itekhnoloji yeleja esasaziweyo |
| IDE | Indawo yophuhliso edibeneyo |
| IoT | I-Intanethi yezinto |
| PoW | Ubungqina-bomsebenzi |
Ukwandiswa kwesoftware ye-X-CUBE-IOTA1 ye-STM32Cube
Ngaphezuluview
I X-CUBE-IOTA1 iphakheji yesoftware iyakhula STM32Cube umsebenzi onezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Gqibezela i-firmware yokwakha izicelo ze-IOTA DLT zeebhodi ezisekelwe kwi-STM32
- Ithala leencwadi eliphakathi eline:
-IFreeRTOS
-Ulawulo lwe-Wi-Fi
-Uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo, i-hashing, ukuqinisekiswa komyalezo, kunye nokusayinwa kwedijithali (Cryptolib)
– ukhuseleko lwenqanaba lezothutho (MbedTLS)
– IOTA Client API ukusebenzisana kunye Tangle - Gqibezela umqhubi ukwakha izicelo ezifikelela kwintshukumo kunye neenzwa zokusingqongileyo
- Examples ukunceda ukuqonda indlela yokuphuhlisa isicelo soMxumi we-IOTA DLT
- Ukuphatheka ngokulula kwiintsapho ezahlukeneyo ze-MCU, enkosi kwi-STM32Cube
- Imiqathango yelayisensi esimahla, esebenziseka lula
Ukwandiswa kwesoftware kubonelela nge-middleware ukwenza i-IOTA DLT isebenze kwi-STM32 microcontroller. I-IOTA DLT yi-transaction settlement kunye ne-data transfer layer ye-Intanethi yezinto (IoT). I-IOTA ivumela abantu kunye noomatshini ukuba badlulise imali kunye / okanye idatha ngaphandle kweentlawulo zentengiselwano kwindawo engathembekiyo, engenamvume kunye neyolawulo. Le teknoloji ide yenza ukuba iintlawulo ezincinci zikwazi ukwenzeka ngaphandle kwesidingo somthetheli othembekileyo walo naluphi na uhlobo.
IOTA 1.0
I-Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) yakhiwe kwinethiwekhi ye-node egcina i-ledger esasazwayo, eyi-cryptographically ekhuselweyo, i-database esasaziweyo yokurekhoda iintengiselwano. IiNodes zikhupha iitransekshini ngeprotocol yokuvumelana.
I-IOTA yitekhnoloji yeleja esasaziweyo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa i-IoT.
I-IOTA ehambisa i-ledger ibizwa ngokuba yi-tangle kwaye idalwe yintengiselwano ekhutshwe ngama-nodes kwinethiwekhi ye-IOTA.
Ukupapasha intengiselwano kwi-tangle, i-node kufuneka:
- qinisekisa iintengiselwano ezimbini ezingavunywanga ezibizwa ngokuba ziingcebiso
- yenza kwaye usayine intengiselwano entsha
- enze ubungqina obaneleyo boMsebenzi
- kusasaza intengiselwano entsha kuthungelwano lwe-IOTA
I-transaction iqhotyoshelwe kwi-tangle kunye neereferensi ezimbini ezibhekiselele kwiintengiselwano eziqinisekisiweyo.
Olu lwakhiwo lunokwenziwa njengegrafu ye-acyclic eqondisiweyo, apho i-vertices ibonisa ukuthengiselana okukodwa kwaye imida imele iireferensi phakathi kweebini zokuthengiselana.
I-genesis transaction ikwingcambu ye-tangle kwaye ibandakanya zonke iithokheni ze-IOTA ezikhoyo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-iotas.
I-IOTA 1.0 isebenzisa indlela yokuphunyezwa engavumelekanga ngokusekwe kumelo lwetrinary: yonke into kwi-IOTA ichazwa kusetyenziswa iitrits = -1, 0, 1 endaweni yeebhithi, kunye neetrytes ze-3 trits endaweni yeebytes. Itrayi iboniswa njengenani elipheleleyo ukusuka ku -13 ukuya ku-13, ekhowudiweyo kusetyenziswa oonobumba (AZ) kunye nenombolo 9.
IOTA 1.5 (Chrysalis) ithatha indawo ye-trinary transaction layout kunye nebinary structure.
Inethiwekhi ye-IOTA ibandakanya iindawo kunye nabaxhasi. I-node ixhunyiwe kwiontanga kwinethiwekhi kwaye igcina ikopi ye-tangle. Umxhasi sisixhobo esinembewu esiza kusetyenziselwa ukwenza iidilesi kunye nemisayino.
Umxhasi udala kwaye asayine ukuthengiselana kwaye ayithumele kwi-node ukuze inethiwekhi iqinisekise kwaye igcine. Ukurhoxiswa kweentengiselwano kufuneka kuqulathe utyikityo olusebenzayo. Xa i-transaction ithathwa njengesemthethweni, i-node yongeza kwi-ledger yayo, ihlaziya ibhalansi yeedilesi ezichaphazelekayo kwaye isasaze ukuthengiselana kubamelwane bayo.
IOTA 1.5 - Chrysalis
Injongo yeSiseko se-IOTA kukwandisa umnatha ophambili we-IOTA phambi koCoordicide kunye nokubonelela ngesisombululo esilungele ishishini le-IOTA ecosystem. Oku kuphunyezwa ngohlaziyo oluphakathi olubizwa ngokuba yiChrysalis. Olona phuculo luphambili lwaziswa yiChrysalis lu:
- Iidilesi ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona: ukwamkelwa kweskimu sokutyikitya se-Ed25519, endaweni yeWinternitz iskim sesignesha esinye (i-W-OTS), ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathumele ngokukhuselekileyo amathokheni ukusuka kwidilesi efanayo amaxesha amaninzi;
- Azisekho iinyanda: IOTA 1.0 isebenzisa ingqikelelo yee-bundles ukudala ukudluliselwa. Iibhandle liqela lentengiselwano edityaniswe kunye ngokwereferensi yengcambu (isiqu). Ngohlaziyo lwe-IOTA 1.5, ukwakhiwa kwe-bundle endala kuyasuswa kwaye kuthathelwe indawo yi-Atomic transactions elula. I-Tangle vertex imelwe nguMyalezo oluhlobo lwesikhongozeli esinokuba nomthwalo ohlawulelwayo (oko kukuthi, umvuzo weToken okanye umvuzo we-Indexation);
- Imodeli ye-UTXO: ekuqaleni, i-IOTA 1.0 isebenzise imodeli esekelwe kwi-akhawunti yokulandelela amathokheni e-IOTA ngamnye: idilesi nganye ye-IOTA ibambe inani lamathokheni kunye nenani elidibeneyo lamathokheni kuzo zonke iidilesi ze-IOTA zilingana nokunikezelwa okupheleleyo. Endaweni yoko, i-IOTA 1.5 isebenzisa imodeli yokuphuma yokuthengiselana engasetyenziswanga, okanye i-UTXO, esekelwe kwingcamango yokulandelela amanani angasetyenziswanga amathokheni ngesakhiwo sedatha esibizwa ngokuba yimveliso;
- Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8 yaBazali: nge-IOTA 1.0, bekufuneka uhlale ubhekisa kwintengiselwano yabazali aba-2. NgeChrysalis, inani elikhulu leenodi zabazali ezikhankanyiweyo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8) ziyaziswa. Ukufumana ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo, ubuncinane abazali aba-2 ababodwa ngexesha bayacetyiswa.
IZIXHOBO EZINXULUMENEYO
Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe malunga neChrysalis, nceda ujonge kweli phepha lamaxwebhu
Ubungqina-bomsebenzi
Inkqubo ye-IOTA isebenzisa ubungqina boMsebenzi njengendlela yokulinganisa umda womnatha.
IOTA 1.0 isebenzise iCurl-P-81 umsebenzi wetrinary hash kwaye ifuna i-hash enenani elihambelanayo lokulandela i-zero trits ukukhupha intengiselwano kwiTangle.
NgeChrysalis, kuyenzeka ukukhupha imiyalezo yokubini yobungakanani obungenasizathu. Le RFC ichaza indlela yokulungelelanisa indlela ekhoyo ye-PoW kwiimfuno ezintsha. Ijolise ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwindlela yangoku ye-PoW.
Uyilo lwezakhiwo
Olu lwandiso lwe-STM32Cube luvumela uphuhliso lwezicelo ezifikelela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-IOTA DLT middleware.
Isekelwe kwi-STM32CubeHAL ye-hardware abstraction layer ye-STM32 microcontroller kwaye yandisa i-STM32Cube kunye nebhodi ethile yenkxaso yebhodi (BSP) yebhodi yokwandisa imakrofoni kunye namacandelo e-middleware processing audio kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-USB kunye nePC.
Izaleko zesoftware ezisetyenziswa sisoftware yesicelo ukufikelela kunye nokusebenzisa ibhodi yokwandisa imakrofoni zezi:
- I-STM32Cube HAL umaleko: inikeza igeneric, iseti yamatyeli amaninzi e-APIs ukuze idibane nemigangatho ephezulu (isicelo, iilayibrari kunye nezitaki). Iqukethe i-APIs eqhelekileyo kunye nolwandiso olusekwe kulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo oluvumela ezinye iileya ezifana ne-middleware layer ukuba isebenze ngaphandle kweMicrocontroller Unit (MCU) yoqwalaselo lwehardware. Esi sakhiwo siphucula ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwekhowudi yethala leencwadi kwaye siqinisekisa ukuphatheka lula kwesixhobo.
- Ipakethe yeNkxaso yeBhodi (BSP) umaleko: yiseti ye-APIs ebonelela ngojongano lwenkqubo kwibhodi ethile yeperipherals (i-LED, iqhosha lomsebenzisi njl.). Olu jongano lukwanceda ekuchongeni inguqulelo yebhodi ethile kwaye ibonelela ngenkxaso yokuqalisa iiperipherals ezifunekayo ze-MCU kunye neenkcukacha zokufunda.
Umzobo 1. X-CUBE-IOTA1 software architecture
Ulwakhiwo lwefolda
Umzobo 2. X-CUBE-IOTA1 isakhiwo sefolda
Ezi folda zilandelayo zibandakanyiwe kwi-software package:
- Uxwebhu: iqulathe iHTML ehlanganisiweyo file uveliswa kwikhowudi yomthombo kunye namaxwebhu aneenkcukacha zamacandelo esoftware kunye nee-APIs
- Abaqhubi: iqulethe abaqhubi be-HAL kunye nabaqhubi bebhodi ngokukodwa kwibhodi exhaswayo kunye namaqonga e-hardware, kuquka nalawo amacandelo ebhodi kunye ne-CMSIS yomthengisi ozimeleyo we-hardware abstraction layer yochungechunge lwe-ARM® Cortex®-M
- Izinto eziphakathi: iqulathe amathala eencwadi aneFreeRTOS; Ulawulo lwe-Wi-Fi; i-encryption, i-hashing, ukuqinisekiswa komyalezo, kunye nokusayinwa kwedijithali (Cryptolib); ukhuseleko lwenqanaba lezothutho (MbedTLS); IOTA Client API ukusebenzisana kunye Tangle
- Iiprojekthi: iqulethe examples ukukunceda ukuphuhlisa isicelo se-IOTA DLT Client kwi-platform ye-STM32based exhaswayo (B-L4S5I-IOT01A), eneendawo ezintathu zophuhliso, i-IAR Embedded Workbench ye-ARM (EWARM), RealView I-Microcontroller Development Kit (MDK-ARM) kunye ne-STM32CubeIDE
API
Ulwazi olunzulu lwezobugcisa kunye nomsebenzi opheleleyo we-API yomsebenzisi kunye nenkcazo yepharamitha kwi-HTML ehlanganisiweyo file kwifolda ethi "Amaxwebhu".
IOTA-Inkcazo yesicelo soMxumi
Iprojekthi files yesicelo se-IOTA-Client inokufumaneka ku: $BASE_DIR\Projects\B-L4S5IIOT01A\Applications\IOTA-Client.
Iiprojekthi ezilungele ukwakha ziyafumaneka kwii-IDE ezininzi.
Ujongano lomsebenzisi lubonelelwa nge serial port kwaye kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngezi zicwangciso zilandelayo:
Umzobo 3. Ixesha leTera - ukuseta i-terminal
Umzobo 4. Ixesha leTera - Ukusekwa kwe-port ye-serial
Ukwenza isicelo, landela le nkqubo ingezantsi.
Inyathelo loku-1. Vula uthotho lweterminal ukuze ube nombono welog yemiyalezo.
Inyathelo loku-2. Ngenisa uqwalaselo lwakho lwenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi (SSID, Imo yoKhuseleko, kunye negama lokugqitha).
Inyathelo loku-3. Cwangcisa ingcambu ye TLS izatifikethi zeCA.
Inyathelo loku-4. Khuphela kwaye uncamathisele imixholo yeeProjekthi\B-L4S5I-IOT01A\Applications\IOTAClient\usertrust_thetangle.pem. Isixhobo sizisebenzisa ukungqinisisa iinginginya ezikude nge TLS.
Phawula: Emva kokuqwalasela iparameters, unokuzitshintsha ngokuqalisa kwakhona ibhodi kwaye ucofe iqhosha lomsebenzisi (iqhosha eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) phakathi kwemizuzwana emi-5. Le datha iya kugcinwa kwimemori yeFlash.
Umzobo 5. Izicwangciso zeparameter yeWi-Fi
Inyathelo loku-5. Lindela umyalezo othi "Cofa naliphi na iqhosha ukuze uqhubeke" ukuze uvele. Isikrini siye sihlaziywe ngoluhlu lwemisebenzi ephambili:
- Thumela umyalezo wesalathiso ngokubanzi
- Thumela umyalezo woluvo lwesalathiso (kuquka amaxeshaamp, Ubushushu, kunye nokufuma)
- Fumana ibhalansi
- Thumela iNtengiselwano
- Eminye imisebenzi
Umzobo 6. Imenyu ephambili
Inyathelo loku-6. Khetha ukhetho 3 ukuvavanya omnye wale misebenzi ilandelayo:
| Fumana ulwazi lweenodi | Fumana iingcebiso |
| Fumana imveliso | Iziphumo ezivela kwidilesi |
| Fumana ibhalansi | Imposiso yokuphendula |
| Fumana umyalezo | Thumela umyalezo |
| Fumana umyalezo | Vavanya isipaji |
| Umakhi womyalezo | Vavanya i-crypto |
Umzobo 7. Eminye imisebenzi
IZIXHOBO EZINXULUMENEYO
Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nemisebenzi ye-IOTA 1.5, jonga kumaxwebhu oMxumi we-IOTA C
Isikhokelo sokuseta inkqubo
Inkcazo yehardware
STM32L4+ Discovery kit IoT node
I-B-L4S5I-IOT01A Discovery kit ye-IoT node ikuvumela ukuba uphuhlise izicelo zokuxhuma ngokuthe ngqo kwiiseva zefu.
I-Discovery kit ivumela ubuninzi bezicelo ngokusebenzisa unxibelelwano lwamandla aphantsi, i-multi-way sensing kunye ne-ARM®Cortex® -M4 + core-based STM32L4 + series features.
Ixhasa i-Arduino Uno R3 kunye noqhagamshelwano lwe-PMOD olubonelela ngezakhono zokwandisa okungenamkhawulo kunye nokukhetha okukhulu kweebhodi zokongeza ezizinikeleyo.
Umzobo 8. B-L4S5I-IOT01A Ikhithi yokuFumana
Ukuseta izixhobo
Amacandelo ehardware alandelayo ayafuneka:
- ikiti enye ye-STM32L4+ yokuFumana indawo ye-IoT ene-Wi-Fi interface (ikhowudi yoku-odola: B-L4S5I-IOT01A)
- i-USB uhlobo A ukuya Mini-B USB Uhlobo B intambo ukuqhagamshela STM32 ibhodi yokufumanisa kwiPC
Ukuseta isoftware
La macandelo e-software alandelayo ayafuneka ukuseta imeko-bume yophuhliso lokudala izicelo ze-IOTA DLT ze-B-L4S5I-IOT01A:
- I-X-CUBE-IOTA1: i-firmware kunye namaxwebhu ahambelanayo afumaneka kwi-st.com
- Ikhonkco lesixhobo sophuhliso kunye nomqokeleli: isoftwe yolwandiso ye-STM32Cube ixhasa okusingqongileyo kulandelayo:
– I-IAR Embedded Workbench ye-ARM ® (EWARM) toolchain + ST-LINK/V2
– OkwenyaniView I-Microcontroller Development Kit (MDK-ARM) toolchain + ST-LINK/V2
– STM32CubeIDE + ST-LINK/V2
Ukuseta inkqubo
Ibhodi ye-B-L4S5I-IOT01A yokuFumana ivumela ukuxhaphazwa kweempawu ze-IOTA DLT. Ibhodi idibanisa i-ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer. Unokukhuphela uguqulelo olufanelekileyo lwe-ST-LINK/V2-1 umqhubi we-USB kwi-STSW- LINK009.
Imbali yohlaziyo
Uluhlu 2. Imbali yohlaziyo loxwebhu
| Umhla | Uhlaziyo | Iinguqu |
| 13-Juni-19 | 1 | Ukukhutshwa kokuqala |
| 18-Juni-19 | 2 | Icandelo elihlaziyiweyo 3.4.8.1 TX_IN kunye ne-TX_OUT, iCandelo 3.4.8.3 Ukuthumela idatha ngexabiso elinguziro iitransekshini kunye neCandelo 3.4.8.4 Ukuthumela iimali ngokudluliswa kweetransekshini. |
| 6-May-21 | 3 | Intshayelelo ehlaziyiweyo, iiAkhronimi nezifinyezo zeCandelo 1, iCandelo 2.1 ngaphezuluview, iCandelo 2.1.1 IOTA 1.0, iCandelo 2.1.3 Ubungqina boMsebenzi, iCandelo 2.2 i-Architecture, iCandelo 2.3 Ulwakhiwo lwefolda, iCandelo 3.2 ukuseta i-Hardware, iCandelo 3.3 ukusekwa kweSoftware kunye neCandelo 3.4 lokusekwa kweSistim. Ikhutshwe iCandelo 2 kwaye endaweni yalo likhonkco kwiNtshayelelo. Isusiwe iCandelo 3.1.2 Iintengiselwano kunye neenyanda, iCandelo 3.1.3 Iakhawunti kunye neesignesha, iCandelo 3.1.5 UkuHashing. Icandelo 3.4 Indlela yokubhala izicelo kunye namacandelwana anxulumeneyo, iCandelo 3.5 IOTALightNode inkcazo yesicelo kunye namacandelwana anxulumeneyo, kunye neCandelo 4.1.1 STM32 Iqonga leNucleo Longeziweyo Icandelo 2.1.2IOTA 1.5 - Chrysalis, iCandelo 2.5 IOTA-Inkcazo yesicelo soMthengi, iCandelo 2.4 API kunye neCandelo 3.1.1 STM32L4 + Discovery kit IoT node. |
ISAZISO ESIBALULEKILEYO - NCEDA UFUNDE NGOKUQONELELE
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I-ST kunye ne-logo ye-ST ziimpawu zorhwebo ze-ST. Ngolwazi olongezelelweyo malunga neempawu zentengiso ze-ST, nceda ujonge ku www.st.com/trademarks. Zonke ezinye iimveliso okanye amagama eenkonzo ziyipropathi yabanini bazo.
Ulwazi olukolu xwebhu luthatha indawo kwaye luthatha indawo yolwazi olwalunikelwe ngaphambili kulo naluphi na uguqulelo lwangaphambili lolu xwebhu.
© 2021 STMicroelectronics – Onke amalungelo agciniwe
Amaxwebhu / Izibonelelo
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I-ST X-CUBE-IOTA1 iPhakeji yeSofthiwe yoKwandiswa kwe-STM32Cube [pdf] Incwadi yokusebenzisa ST, X-CUBE-IOTA1, Ukwandiswa, iPackage yeSoftware, ye, STM32Cube |
